Abstract

Human development plays an important part in facilitating people to actualize their capabilities and attain personal well-being, happiness, and self-actualization. Nonetheless, the achievement of a satisfactory level of human development presents a significant challenge within the context of Malaysia. Despite the implementation of various Islamic and non-Islamic strategies, the achievement of a higher level of human development remains elusive. The primary objective of this study is to compare the Islamic perspective and non-Islamic perspective on human development in Malaysia, to address the problems mentioned previously. To conduct a comparative analysis, this study examines the impact of physical development, intellectual development, emotional development, spiritual development, utilitarianism, and humanism on the overall process of human development. The data was gathered using a survey questionnaire, and subsequently, the collected data was subjected to analysis using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results indicates that while both perspectives have an impact on human development, the Islamic perspective exerts a greater influence in comparison to the non-Islamic perspective. Non-Islamic approaches to human development lack the ability to effectively foster human development through the incorporation of spirituality, utilitarianism, and humanism. Hence, it can be inferred that there exists a significant disparity between the Islamic and non-Islamic perspectives on human development.